Back to Blog

Security Metrics and KPIs That Actually Matter

Your board doesn't care about your CVSS scores. Your CEO wants to know if you're secure. Here's how to measure and communicate security in terms that matter.

The Dashboard Nobody Uses

Your security tool shows 47 metrics. Your board wants a security update. Your CEO asks "are we secure?" You have no idea which number to show—because none of them actually answer the question.

Most security metrics measure activity, not outcomes. "We ran 1,247 scans" doesn't tell you if you're more secure. "Time to patch critical vulnerabilities decreased from 30 days to 7" does. The difference matters.

This guide shows you which security metrics actually matter, how to measure them, and how to present them to different audiences.

23%
of security leaders confident in their metrics
SANS Survey
5-7
metrics most boards can absorb
NACD Research
70%
of CISOs struggle to demonstrate security ROI
Gartner

The Metrics That Matter

Tier 1: Executive/Board Metrics

High-level indicators that non-technical leadership can understand:

Metric
What It Measures
Good Target
Overall Risk Score
Aggregate security posture
Trending up over time
Critical Vulnerabilities
Most dangerous exposures
< 5 open at any time
Mean Time to Remediate
How fast you fix issues
< 7 days for critical
Compliance Status
Audit/certification readiness
95%+ controls passing
Incident Count
Security events that mattered
Trending down
Board Reality

Boards don't want 40 metrics. They want to know: Are we at risk? Are we getting better? What do we need? Five metrics with trend lines beat fifty metrics without context.

Tier 2: Management Metrics

Operational indicators for security and IT leadership:

Vulnerability Management:

  • Open vulnerabilities by severity
  • Average age of open vulnerabilities
  • Vulnerability remediation rate
  • False positive rate

Access & Identity:

  • Accounts without MFA
  • Privileged account count
  • Access review completion rate
  • Offboarding timeliness

Detection & Response:

  • Mean time to detect (MTTD)
  • Mean time to respond (MTTR)
  • Alert volume and false positive rate
  • Incidents by category

Program Health:

  • Policy compliance rate
  • Training completion rate
  • Vendor assessment coverage
  • Pentest finding closure rate

Tier 3: Operational Metrics

Day-to-day indicators for security practitioners:

  • Patch Coverage — Percentage of systems at current patch level
  • Endpoint Protection Coverage — Devices with EDR installed and active
  • Backup Success Rate — Percentage of backups completing successfully
  • Phishing Simulation Results — Click rate, report rate by department
  • Security Tool Uptime — Are your security tools actually running?

Building Your Metrics Program

Step 1: Start with Questions

Don't start with metrics—start with what you need to know:

  • Risk: What are our biggest security risks right now?
  • Trend: Are we getting more or less secure over time?
  • Operations: Are our security controls working?
  • Compliance: Will we pass our next audit?
  • Investment: Are we spending security budget effectively?

Step 2: Choose Metrics That Answer

The SMART Framework for Metrics

Good metrics are: Specific (clear definition), Measurable (you can actually collect it), Actionable (you can influence it),Relevant (it matters to the audience), Time-bound (measured consistently over time).

Step 3: Establish Baselines

You can't show improvement without knowing where you started. For each metric:

  • Measure current state (baseline)
  • Research industry benchmarks
  • Set realistic targets
  • Define measurement frequency

Step 4: Automate Collection

Manual metrics don't get measured. Automate wherever possible:

  • Vulnerability scanners — Export vulnerability counts and ages
  • Identity providers — Report on MFA adoption, inactive accounts
  • SIEM/logging — Alert volumes, response times
  • Compliance platforms — Control status, evidence collection

Presenting Metrics

To the Board

Do:

  • Lead with risk and trend
  • Show 5-7 key metrics maximum
  • Include comparison to targets
  • Connect to business impact
  • End with asks (budget, decisions)

Don't:

  • Show 40 metrics
  • Use technical jargon
  • Present raw numbers without context
  • Hide bad news
  • Present activity as outcome

To Engineering/IT

  • More Detail — Technical specifics they can act on
  • Ownership Clarity — Metrics by team or system owner
  • Remediation Focus — What needs fixing and priority
  • Trend Analysis — Are their changes improving things?

To Customers

  • Compliance Status — SOC 2, ISO 27001 certification status
  • Incident History — Transparency about past issues
  • Uptime Metrics — Availability and reliability
  • Response Commitments — SLA compliance

Common Metrics Mistakes

Mistake 1: Measuring Activity, Not Outcomes

"We blocked 10,000 attacks" sounds impressive but means nothing. Blocked by what? Were they real attacks? Did any get through? Focus on outcomes: vulnerabilities fixed, incidents prevented, time to detect.

Mistake 2: Vanity Metrics

Metrics that always look good but don't indicate security: "100% of employees completed training" says nothing about behavior change. "Phishing click rate dropped 60%" does.

Mistake 3: Too Many Metrics

Measuring everything means focusing on nothing. Pick 10-15 metrics that matter. Better to track 10 well than 50 poorly.

Mistake 4: No Targets or Trends

"We have 47 critical vulnerabilities" means nothing without context. Is that up or down? Against what target? Compared to peers? Raw numbers need context.

Sample Security Dashboard

Metric
Current vs Target
Trend
Critical Vulns Open
3 (target: < 5)
↓ from 8
MTTR (Critical)
5 days (target: < 7)
↓ from 12 days
MFA Coverage
98% (target: 100%)
↑ from 94%
SOC 2 Controls
94% (target: 100%)
↑ from 87%
Phishing Click Rate
2.1% (target: < 3%)
↓ from 4.5%

Quick Start: Your First Week

Day 1-2: Identify Your Audience

Who needs metrics? Board? Leadership? Engineering? Each needs different things.

Day 3: Choose Your Top 10

Pick 10 metrics that answer: What's our risk? Are we improving? Are controls working?

Day 4-5: Establish Baselines

Measure current state for each metric. This is your starting point.

Day 6-7: Build Your Dashboard

Create a simple dashboard (even in a spreadsheet) with current values, targets, and trends.

Next Steps

Security metrics should answer questions, not create them. Start with what your audiences need to know, choose metrics that answer those questions, and present them with context.

Begin with five metrics for your board. Add operational metrics for your team. Automate collection so you actually keep measuring. Iterate based on what proves useful.

Building your metrics program? vCISO Lite provides built-in security dashboards with board-ready reporting, trend tracking, and benchmark comparisons—so you can demonstrate security posture without building reports from scratch.

Share this article:

Ready to build your security program?

See how easy compliance can be.